Manipulation activities in the darkroom was not as easy as the present photo manipulation in Photoshop. Finally, they dried the photo and in this way, the photo became ready for use.Then, water rinses at least 5 minutes for washing. They made Develop 1 minute, Stop 1 minute and Fixer 1 minute. Getting the printed paper, they took it in a tray and drowned into water.Here, they printed the image with projector-light on a photographic paper in the darkroom. The photographers took the negative under a projector with a frame.At this stage, the captured images on the negative became visible and it is time to print and wash.Next, they filled the tank with Fixture, another chemical mixture and shakes.They removed the water out of the tank and filled it again with Stop Bath chemical mixture and shakes in the same way.The temperature of the water should be 60 to 70 degree Celsius. Now, they poured water with chemical into the tank and shakes the tank to remove the air bubbles.The process they did with the very clean and dry hand. They loaded the negative with another big developing wheel and put it into the tank and set the cap.They cut the beginning and the ending part of the long lace of the negative by scissor.After developing, the captured images become visible in the negative. Then, they took out the negative from the rolled box for developing and in this time the negative is completely dark as it was.The photographers firstly opened the rolled film or negative out of the camera.Now let’s see how the photographers worked in the traditional photo shop or darkroom step by step. When they finish a film capturing photos, they had to develop the negative in the traditional darkroom.
![manipulated using digital techniques photoshop manipulated using digital techniques photoshop](http://graphicdesignjunction.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/003+photo+manipulation+tutorials.jpg)
How did the Photographers work in the Darkroom?īefore digital cameras and memory card, the photographer shot photos by the camera with the film. Many tools of photoshop have come with the same shape and function of the tools before. The photographers used many tools for image manipulation such as magnifying glass, pastes, ink, cotton, light, cutter, palettes, opaque paints, brushes, eraser, charcoals, scale, etc. They also used hand coloring for fine art painting. They apply bleaching to artfully lighten or totally wash-out parts of the photograph. The photographers manipulated negatives using a double-exposure method or by piecing photos or negatives together. That’s why most of the Dark Room Manipulators used to work on a copy of the master negative. All these works, they did in the darkroom of the studio spending a lot of time. The photographers used photo-montage, or combination printing to manipulate records of historical events or to create painting-like imagery. In this present era, photo manipulation sounds good, but before computer and software, it required a whole box of tools, a very sharp eye, and an extremely steady hand with the extreme labor.īefore Photoshop, there were numerous photo manipulation techniques such as dodging and burning, vibrating while exposing, scratching the negatives, blurring, airbrushing, painting the negatives, coloring, etc. They edited photos using traditional tools and technology. In that time, the photographers retouched photos in the studio darkroom. An early remaining example of manipulation was in the 1860s when an image of Abraham Lincoln’s head was attached to the body of John C. It started with the invention of the camera and photograph in the early eighteenth century. Photo Manipulation is anything to do on an image with a view to correcting defects and enhancing it. It was a common term for Painters, which meant reworking on their Painting to enhance it. Even the word “Retouching” you know that is now closely related to Photoshop, was invented even earlier than Photography. But, back in those days, “Photo Manipulation” meant many techniques including film and negative manipulation, darkroom manipulation, chemical manipulation, and more. The word “Photo Manipulation” is now-a-days synonymous to “Photoshopping”.
![manipulated using digital techniques photoshop manipulated using digital techniques photoshop](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ku5KO0xM90I/maxresdefault.jpg)
But, did you think that it was related to Adobe Photoshop only? And “Photo Manipulation” became a new term for these strategies. After the invention of the camera, the Photograph Industry skyrocketed and invented many new techniques. But, you will be amazed how older generation used to Photoshop in their Photo Shop before there was Adobe Photoshop. If you were born after Adobe Photoshop Era, you might know how photo retouching is done in Photoshop within short time.